The Origins of Military Dog Tags

Identification tags have been a part of the militarycontinued to be made of Monel metal, 1.25 by 1.5
for a very long time. The first unofficial (i.e. notinches, but were now perforated at each end. The
issued by the government) identification tags wereface of each tag was to bear the individual's name;
used in the Civil War. Many soldiers feared that ifofficer rank or enlisted service number; blood type; if
they were killed, they would be buried in an unknownvaccinated for tetanus, the letter "T" with date in
soldier grave - a fate that happened to more thannumerals (e.g., 8/40); and service (USN, USMC, USNR,
40% of the Civil War casualties. These earlyUSMCR). A right index fingerprint was etched on the
identification tags were mostly paper and used toreverse.
mark all a soldier's belongings. Some more skilledAs World War II went on, the military prescribed the
soldiers made tags out of wood and worn arounduse of a second tag, individually suspended by a
the neck.short length of chain so that one tag could be
The value of these identification tags caught on likeremoved "on death or capture, leaving the other in
wildfire amongst the military rank and file but itplace." Dimensions remained the same, but the tag
wasn't until World War I that "dog tags" became anwas to be of "corrosion-resisting material" - 17
official part of a soldier's uniform.percent chromed steel, perforated at each end, and
The first dog tags were oval, of Monel metal, 1.25the etched fingerprint was omitted. Markings
inches wide and 1.5 inches long. Perforated at oneconsisted of name; officer file number, or enlisted
end, a single tag was to be worn around the neck onservice number; blood type; date of tetanus
Monel wire "encased in a cotton sleeve." One side ofinoculation; service; and religion, if desired by the
the tag bore an etched print of the right index finger.service member: Catholic (C), Protestant (P), or
The other side was stamped "U.S.N." and etched with"Hebrew" (H). When a service member was buried,
the individual's personal information. Officers' tagsashore or at sea, one tag was to be left with the
bore initials and surname; rank; and date ofbody and the other sent to BuPers "as soon as
appointment, in numerals denoting month, day andpracticable under the circumstances."
year (e.g., 1.5.16). Enlisted tags bore initials andPost-World War II tags were worn on a bead chain,
surname, with date of enlistment and date of birth, inwith attached short loop for the second tag. They
numerals as on officers' tags.bore name (surname, followed by initials); service
After WWI, the requirement for dog tags fell out ofnumber; service; blood type; and religion, if desired by
favor and did not come back into mandatory usethe individual.
until the onset of World War II. The new tags