Marines

Many people, from the time they are young and watching shows like the X-files and 24 have a desire to begin a career in law enforcement and think that all you need to get the job is a high school diploma. That certainly is not the case, as there are many applicants and only about 10% of them successfully land the job. So you wish to know how to become a police officer with ease? Take a look at 10 things you should have done (or should be doing) if you want to ensure that you are 1 of those 10%. 1. Get a bachelor's degree, preferably in criminal justice, psychology, business administration, or English 2. Learn a 2nd language, preferably one spoken in the area in which you are applying 3. Participate...

The legal term is called expungement. Many people think they can not get an expungement or otherwise clear their record. The fact is most of the people you talk to including and especially the majority of attorneys have no experience in this area of the law for clearing up records. The fact is that this specialty of law has been ignored. Anyone that wants to clear the record and is eligible to do so can and has a constitutional right to have the record cleared with few exceptions. Top 10 frequently asked questions about expungement. 1. I committed one crime in my life and was convicted of a felony for embezzlement. I served one week in jail and was ordered to pay a $86K restitution. I have been on...

The game of football has had so many great and not so great moments that it would take a month of Sundays to list even a fraction of them. So we're not even going to try here. And in case you're wondering, we're not even going to list the best of the best, since that would be a matter of opinion anyway. No, we're just going to present some classic and tragic moments in the game that, hopefully, will bring back a memory or two. Probably one of the biggest disasters in football history was November 17, 1968, when the New York Jets were playing the Oakland Raiders. The Jets were leading 32-29 when the game went to commercial. It never came back on the air. Why? Because there was a scheduled...

Although birthdays come around each year there are certain ages that are traditionally milestones in a person's life. These special birthdays are usually much anticipated and the gifts the birthday boy or girl receives are more elaborate and enjoyed. Although, along with the special gifts come special privileges and responsibilities. The build up comes early. A child's first birthday is typically an important celebration. It often becomes more than a birthday and more like an event for adults with extended family and friends attending. First birthdays are usually messy. The birthday boy or girl is often given their own small cake or their own piece of cake to eat. They make use of their little hands...

We might imagine the United States Constitution is intended byits language to prohibit interference in religious matters bythe national government. What we have today is far closer to theconventioners' hearts than the language implies. When convention President, Franklin grew weary of a convention deadlocked formany days, he proposed that it was not without divineintervention they had so recently won a difficult and bloodywar. Therefore, it only made sense they should call upon thispower each day to assist in the building of a nation. Hiscompatriots voted no. There was no place for divinity in the creation of this nation. Each member of the convention was free to pray each day as hesaw fit. The...

As immigration reform discussions have soured, immigrant youth question what will happen next. These children had nothing to do with the choice of their parents to move to the U.S. Their memories of their home country, at best, are a blur. In their mind, the U.S. is their home country - but they are here illegally. For these young immigrants, the DREAM Act is the most important aspect of the immigration reform debates in Congress. In spite of strong public sentiment in favor of the DREAM Act, immigration reform opponents argue that undocumented immigrants should not be given new programs to earn legal status. However, they never met Arthur. With his mom and dad, he came to my offices to inquire...

If your ex-convict I'm going to show you a list of jobs that are easy to get because they are in need of people and there is no special skills or experience required for the jobs I'm about to tell you. Did I mention they don't really care if you're an ex-offender? Because my list of ex convict jobs is easy to get. Sounds cool? Okay, let's get right into it. The first obvious job is the military. Just because you join the military doesn't mean that you have to fight a war because there are plenty of jobs that doesn't involve shooting people up. If you don't want to fight join the Navy or Air Force because you hardly go to war if you go to that trade. The second way to get a good job is simply goes to...

"School's out for the summer.. . school's out forever!" - Alice Cooper It's hard to believe that it's been 30 years since we played Alice Cooper's song over and over again at graduation. It's amazing to me how it's still played across the country every year at graduation time. "No more pencils, no more books, no more teachers' dirty looks." So congratulations! You made it through 12-plus years of publicyour brains intact. For 12 years they have told you where to be and what to take, with bells to remind you where to go next. Rarely in life will everything be so neatly laid out for you again. Unless you join the military. So now what? Some of you may have that all laid out and planned as well. Good...

The narrative of the Saint Valentine (for there have been many) who lent his name to the day we uphold on the 14th of February took place at the start of the 3rd century in Rome during the reign of Claudius II. It was in his time that the Roman Empire was involved in many an un popular war which like all others required many an able man to fight, however these men were not easy to come by as volunteers were rare. Many a reason were thought to be the culprit for this lack of desire to join the military by society's younger males however it was eventually settled upon by Claudius II that marriage was at fault. Logic being that when men marry they long to stay home and have families as opposed to...

The cost of higher education is a major expense yet most people are not willing to forgo a college education. To this end, people try to find ways to pay for college and earn a degree. Scholarships, loans and grants are the most popular means to obtain funds for college but they are not the only options that you have. Find out how to pay for college and search for money saving tips to make your college money go further. Get Financial Aid Find a college that can offer you financial aid. Many people know that colleges and universities recruit athletes and offer them athletic scholarships and allowances. Some schools also look for students with excellent academic achievements and offer them...

Ever heard of MAVNI? No! Let me tell you what it is all about. In November 2008, a memorandum was signed by the U.S Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates, giving authority to all army secretaries, The Air force, the Army and the Navy to implement a new non-citizen recruitment pilot program for the United States Armed Forces. This program is to allow non citizens of the US already in the United States legally to join the military and apply immediately for, and get US citizenship within 6 months. The program is called the, "Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest" MAVNI for short. The idea was initiated in 2002 after the invasion of Iraq and the military was having a bit of a problem...

We all know that tattoos are more popular than ever. The bad news is that lots of people regret their tattoos for a variety of reasons. The good news is that laser tattoo removal is becoming a more acceptable form of erasing past mistakes. There are several reasons why people want to remove their tattoos, but mostly because of indiscretion of youth: Guys intending to join the military would want to remove their tattoos because any tattoo or brand located anywhere on the head or face are prohibited by the U.S. Army (NOTE: the Army may have relaxed this restriction somewhat to bolster recruitment. Check with your recruiter for more details.). Women may want to remove the tattoo on their ankle or...

So you want to be like Bear Grylls? You want to shoot a piranha right out of the water with a bow and arrow you made from a tree branch and some crazy plant fiber? You want to be able to live off of maggots and lizards? Well then let's get started. Well first of all. Bear was in the British Special Air Service (SAS), which is one of the most elite military Special Forces units in the world. So there's one way to do it. Join some form of the Special Forces in the military. Now here is what you can do if you don't want to join the military. Alright your first step is to get into incredible shape. You should find a great workout program or do some research and design your own. Once you are in...

Over the past twelve months, the promise of immigration reform has faded.  At my Hemet immigration office, clients openly share their sense of despair.  Many of them tell me their children, especially those high school and college age, feel even worse. They've heard about the DREAM Act.  For these young immigrants, the DREAM Act is the most important aspect of immigration reform debates in Congress. These children had nothing to do with the choice of their parents to move to the U.S.  Their memories of their home country, at best, are mere blurs. The United States is their home country - but they are living here without proper immigration documents. Despite growning support for the DREAM Act...

So you are a convicted felon and you having a problem finding a job. Well that's not problem because I'm going show you where you can get a job even if you're a convicted felon/ ex-felon! While your choice of jobs are limited if you're convicted of a felony, it doesn't mean that you are out of the job market just because you have a criminal record ... because they are companies out there that hire people like you. The first place that will hire ex-felon is the military. There are plenty of people in the military who have criminal records. You can get your record waived and join the military. I t's pretty good if you can stand military life. I recommend you join the Air Force since it's the least...

There are as many reasons to join the army as there are recruits, but there are some common themes. Some join for a taste of adventure before a relatively normal life. Some join to get technical training for a planned career of some sort. Some plan a career in the Army itself. It is certainly possible to change your mind after you join, as to what you desire out of the experience. We can merely plan as best we are able. Once you know what you want out of the experience, you can attempt to make that happen. If you are seeking a specific technical skill, determining which MOS, or Military Occupational Specialty, provides that training is the first step. This might be a helpful veteran or...

Pat Tillman's story was one of those that has sadly faded into people's memories and whenever I mention his name, people have to think a moment before I remind them of who he was. When he was killed everyone knew he was and wanted to make a movie about his life and then once it was realized that he wasn't killed by the enemy the Jerry Bruckheimer's suddenly stopped calling the family leaving them to fight for the answers to their son's death. Best movies ever got to spend an hour with Pat Tillman and it was obvious that he wasn't just another football guy, he had some amazing believes ranging all over, and he wasn't afraid to speak out with his beliefs (like being against the war in Iraq) even when...

On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungary throne, was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist group called the "Black Hand". This was the beginning of a series of events that lead to the First World War. On July 28, exactly one month after Ferdinand's assassination, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Russia came to Serbia's defense, recruiting its very large army. It took a full six weeks to bring the entire army together. On August 1, Germany, in defense of its ally, Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia. France retaliated and went to war on Russia's behalf against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Britain, an ally to France, declared war on Germany on August 4...

Both the genuine vintage and look-alike versions of the old leather bomber jacket are in huge demand all over the world. Good looking and practical, these much loved bomber jackets, which originated in the Second World War, have won the hearts of generations. While you can pick up authentic vintage jackets, there are some really great top quality, amazing-looking jackets that are completely new. The best are manufactured according to the original designs, for example: • the A-2, a US WWII Air Force original, which is usually available in either tough, supple cowhide leather or goat skin, • the G-1, which is the A-2 equivalent (but with a fur collar) made for WWII marines, and then also issued for...

Never underestimate the power of words. Consider, for example, how a few innocent words can potentially derail a candidate's presidential aspirations. Republican candidate Mitt Romney has 5 sons ranging in age from 26 to 37. Until recently, they have been employed as ad executives, sports marketers and real estate developers. They are now actively campaigning for their father's election. Asked about their military status at an Iowa rally on August 8, Romney said he respected their decision to avoid military service, pointing out that his sons were supporting the country by helping their father get elected. Anti-war activist Rachel Griffiths, who asked the question, was a little disconcerted by the...

At first glance, the words in the title of this article may all seem synonymous; that is, they may appear to be nothing more than three ways of saying the same thing. In truth, however, there are differences, albeit subtle ones. In this article, I want to show you what those differences are, why they matter, and the criteria you ought to use when deciding whether to use auto emblems or something else for your car. These distinctions are important because each one sends a message about you to those who see it, and that may be very different from the one you intended. What did these words mean originally? So to begin with, let's consider the original meanings of these words. Etymonline is a web site...

This fall or autumn, there are so many different styles, with so many different designers and collections. Clothes are in many different colours, including lots of rich deep autumnal tones and the staple for this season, black is just about every where. There are also, all sorts of historical references. But what are the key trends for autumn and how can you adapt these trends to suit your wardrobe? Grunge Grunge was a trend originally started in the nineties by Marc Jacobs and this autumn, it is back. A really easy trend to wear taking inspiration from catwalk shows of Burberry Prorsum and Alexander Wang amongst others. To get this look layer fine knits in dark colours add fingerless gloves...

Football badge collecting itself is a fairly recent phenomenon, first gaining widespread popularity amongst fans in the late 60s early 70s and then growing into the massive business it is now. Badge collecting in general has been around for years, in fact compared to other areas football badge collecting (on a large scale) is a relatively young hobby. There are thousands of other badges out there from different genres, military badges being one of the biggest and it certainly outdates football. Even Butlins has its own massive collector circle with some of the prices being reached for rare editions being astronomical. So, you would think that the obvious area for football badge collectors is their...

It is amazing indeed that a news story whether right or wrong is so quick to be taken as truth. Even worse when that news story degrades the men and women in the armed forces, such as the recent story in Iraq over the killing of 24 members of a family in a city in Iraq. Unsubstantiated news stories say that the American Troops, US Marines seem to have shot and killed in a massacre a number of Iraqis. Al Jazeera a completely biased news agency, which always misrepresents truth has reported this and many of our citizens have turned this into a political firestorm and accept and believe that news report as truth without verifying it. Let me tell you something right now; The US Marine Corp is Great...

Me and my best friend both decide to join the marines at the same time. When we left for the military he was happily married to his high school sweet heart and they were expecting a child soon. Although she was not keen on the idea of him joining the military she was still supportive and stood by him. Going through boot camp was defiantly no cake walk but it was made a whole lot easier with my best friend by my side. I remember seeing him and thinking how lucky he was whenever he received another update from his wife. My life was not so great by myself I had trouble with my parents and ran away early. He and his family took me in when I was only twelve. I had even ended up calling his parents mom...

As icon of the global golf scene, Lee Trevino rose to prominence as one of the foremost Mexican-American professional golfers in the 20th century. Born in Dallas to international parents, Trevino earned a stellar reputation for his performances on the course as well as his professionalism in supporting causes. After turning professional at the age of 21, Trevino went on to win over 80 professional events, including six major championships and a total of 29 PGA tour events. As a result, he is considered one of the best players of his era and continues to be active on the Champions Tour. Golf fans today look to Trevino's life story as a symbol of the prospect for blue collar players to rise to the...

There is a great difference between the career path of an officer in a modern army and that of a senior manager or CEO in the world of business. Today there are special institutions for higher military education in many countries. This system developed in the nineteenth century and prior to this there were actually no institutionalized forms of advanced military education. There were weapon instruction schools such as artillery schools, bridge and road building schools or fortress engineering schools, but no institutes for higher military education. The first systematically organized military educational institute was the Prussian 'Kriegs Akademie', an institution for advanced military learning...

Active-duty members of the armed forces can begin their pursuit of a college degree and the transition to civilian life through good planning, which begins with setting goals for their future. All you need is a set of clear objectives just like you would in mission or objective planning in the military. After deciding to take advantage of the military education benefits you've earned through your service, you can use a simple, "SMART" method, as shown on for writing down your goals to assure that they are: 1) Specific: Make sure that your goals are clearly stated, focused, and concise. Avoid general terms and give as much detail as you like. - A vague example: "I want to get my degree." - A...

Once you are commissioned as a Second Lieutenant, your next step is to attend the Officer Basic Course, which is now known as the Basic Officer Leadership Course. The purpose of OBC is to educate new Lieutenants about a variety of military and leadership topics. These topics vary from branch specific topics. In other words, you will learn a little bit about what each of the Military Occupational Skills within your branch does. For instance, when I attended the Quartermaster OBC, I learned about fuel, ammunition, supply, food service, mortuary affairs, shower and laundry operations, etc. These gave me basic fundamental knowledge about the different jobs any of my soldiers might do. We also learned...

Montgomery GI Bill Benefits So you are finally eligible to use your GI Bill Benefits and you are now ready to earn your college degree or certification. The future looks bright! So what's the problem? Finding the right college can be difficult. What's more difficult is finding one that lets you fully utilize the Montgomery GI Bill (mgib), or those colleges that actively seek to attract veterans. Not everyone has the time to visit school after school or dig through college websites, - or worse, spend hours talking to admissions counselors! Here are 4 steps to help you make the transition from soldier to college student. These ensure that you land the right college, choose the right degree program...

Platoon Leaders have tons of responsibilities. In fact, most civilian and private companies would never give a 22-25 year old person the same responsibilities that the Army gives its Platoon Leaders. So, what are the duties of a Platoon Leader? Listed below are several of the most important duties of PLs. Mission Planning: One of the primary responsibilities of a PL is to plan future training. He or she will draft operations orders and develop training plans for her subordinates. Developing Subordinates: As a leader, you have a responsibility to develop your subordinates for positions of increased responsibility. This is done through effective counseling, mentoring and military education. Collective...

The Emergency GI Bill Payment program was introduced in the beginning of October in response to reported hardships caused by delays in GI Bill benefits. The following information addresses the most frequent inquiries regarding the latest details of the Veteran Administration's emergency payment process. If you are a veteran who is presently enrolled in school and eligible under one of the VA's education programs, you qualify for education advance payments as long has you haven't yet received your monthly payment benefit. Those who have applied for their education benefits but have not yet received their monthly installment can receive payments of up to $3,000. The amount allotted to you is based...

Current financial times are making many Americans consider options their parents never would have. For instance, one educational option that suffered a tremendous blow after the Vietnam War was the Reserve Officers Training Corp (US ROTC). It was originally created during the Civil War as a way to produced qualified military officers outside of West Point. In the 60s, the Vietnam War gave the military such a bad name it was actually banned at schools such as Harvard. Four decades later and the tide has turned significantly, as has so much with military education. With the cost of a college degree rising geometrically, many students now explore their options before matriculating to a college. This...

For the brave men and women that serve in the United States military there is little thanks given to them for risking their lives in the protection of their country. It is commonly known that veterans receive benefits that civilians do not qualify for, but when compared to the actual amount of pay that military personnel are paid they receive very little monetary compensation for the work that they put in to defend the freedoms of the United States. For members of the military that are no longer actively serving the Veterans Affairs office has a number of benefits available to give well deserved financial breaks and opportunities to those that have given a portion of their life in the service of...

Pre-independence currency Main article: Currency of Spanish America Peso = 8 Reales (silver) Escudo = 2 Pesos (gold) History Venezuela shared the common Spanish-American monetary system, based on the silver peso and the gold escudo, current throughout Spanish America. Trade, especially in cacao, brought money to the colony in the late 17th century in the form of coin from the Mexico City mint. The money supply increased significantly after the Compaa Guipuzcoana de Caracas obtained a trade monopoly in 1729, and Spanish and Spanish-American coin became a common form of payment. The prohibition on the circulation of American coin in Spain (May 4, 1754) resulted in coin from the Spanish mints returning...

As parents it is within our nature to love, protect, cherish, and nourish our children from birth and beyond, through the thick and thin, parents are supposed to be there for their children no matter what! When your child is born you're life changes forever! No longer is your life centered around you, yet now you have the responsibility of having another human being to care for, an extension of yourself that you helped create and bring into this world, so your instinctive nature takes over and you start to do everything any loving and caring parent would do...You start loving your children even before they're born. The birth, the first interactions, the first steps, the first birthdays, the first...

When it seems all we hear is bad news, it can be easy for us to join in the chorus. It can seem natural to spend time worrying about how we'll survive in these challenging times. But it doesn't have to be that way. Every second of every day, we have a choice to behave and to think in whatever way we want. We can choose to be negative and focus on how bad things are. Or we can choose to be positive and focus on the good things going on around us. Two days ago, I found myself running late for a meeting. It was bitter cold outside. I was in a hurry. I had a "To Do" list a mile long for the week. I easily could have focused my thoughts on all the things in that were going wrong in the world at that...

ave discovered the only convenient one- stop place when you are in search of cap and ball caps. If you want marine ball caps or any other types of ball caps you have not been able to find anywhere else, you will find them here. There can be nothing more disappointing than searching for something for hours, even longer than that such as days, weeks, months without finding what you were looking for. Fortunately, you will never run into that problem with this company. As mentioned, it is the one stop place for everything ball caps, including rare marine ball caps. Look around and you will see for yourself. Marine ball caps serve for many purposes, if you are a marine yourself or not. If you are a very...

Marine Bootcamp is the toughest in the US military. There are things you need to know if you want to survive 13 weeks of unlimited stress and pain. The Marine Corps prides itself on the highest standards and Marine Bootcamp is the starting point. Many people believe that by being in top physical shape will make Marine Bootcamp easy; physical training is only one factor that must me mastered by recruits. The mental challenges are the most deciding factor for a recruit to overcome. Drill Instructors will make it their personal goal to instill the maximum level of stress upon arriving at Parris Island or San Diego recruit depots. It does not matter if one is the most fit recruit or another one is the...

Back in New York, Tesla wrote an excellent article for Century Magazine where he detailed his futuristic vision. He described tapping the Sun's energy with an antenna, he wrote how it would be possible to control the weather with electrical energy, and he explained how war would be impossible through the use of machines. Most importantly he proposed a global system of wireless communications, which to most was unimaginable, but Tesla as always, was not to be underestimated. The article caught J.P. Morgan's attention and at the time he was one of the most powerful men in the world. He frequently had Tesla to his home as a dinner guest and listened to his description of a "world system" where wireless...

The objective of all search engine providers is epitomized by the ideal search often portrayed in the popular television and movie series "Star Trek". When the captain issues a request for all information on a Klingon spaceship, the search engine intuitively understands that he wants military information. It does not provide information on how much the spaceship costs in the commercial market and where it can be obtained, nor the scientific details that would interest an engineering student. Search engines are similar to rating agencies like Moody and Standard & Poor's (S&P). These engines rate web pages similar to the way Moody would rate a company credit rating by giving it a rank. Google...

You're all excited about tracing your family's genealogy! It can be very informative and fun, and something you can pass on to future generations. After you have found out everything you need to know from family members and old family records, your next best source of information is the United States Federal Censuses. From 1850 forward, the Censuses listed all household members, making it easier to find family groups. Here are some steps to help you: - When you have found someone on a Census, review the pages before and after the page you found. Many times you will find other family members living in the same neighborhood. When you are ready to begin research on the other family members, you will...

Being able to dig up your military information is extremely important when it comes to enjoying some of the state benefits. Conducting a military record search will help you come up with information that will allow you to get a job as well. Moreover, you could want to retrieve some information about someone for a given purpose. The first thing you will have to do is determine the persons full official names and then proceed to search for them using either the first, middle or surnames. Note that you can be able to conduct a background search on someone for free. All you will have to do is log on to the internet and then proceed to identify the type of job the person was doing. You can get this...

During the presidential debate, I began to see something very disturbing. John Mccain refused to acknowledge the presence of Barack Obama. He stood on the same stage for 90minutes and never gave Obama as much as a glance. At times he grimaced, frowned and sneered. Is this the behaviour of someone who should be allowed to lead this country? Much has been made of America not knowing much about Senator Obama, yet how much down we really know about John Mccain. I took the time to look up some additional facts about the Republican Party's so called war hero. For years McCain has been known for his powder keg temper. Many people, including even his own Republican colleagues, have seen the dark side of the...

Jon Krakauer, a best-selling author famous for his non-fictional and biographical writing, has written a new book tackling a very difficult issue in the world today. His main topic in his new book "Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman", is the epic rise and fall of NFL star Pat Tillman. However, the there is so much more to the book than an extraordinary biography. The author talks in-depth about the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the life of a soldier from start to finish, and politics of the world for approximately the last 30 years. Krakauer has obviously done his homework while writing this book the result is a second-to-none, non-fictional account of an exceptional person. Pat Tillman...

3 1 Mondays morning, "3? 15 car consumer rights forum" in the message, the newspaper held a grand meeting room, which is this year's "3? 15" "Information Times" launched the first "confidence Kai Sing, 2010 "automotive industry's first shot series. Consumer Council, the Secretary-General in Guangzhou Li Yongqiang, deputy director of civil and military information military newspaper, newspaper information and Tang, director of automobile, more than 30 representatives of manufacturers and distributors, as well as eight owners representatives gathered to talk about car consumption and service problems, and actively expressed their views and opinions, and the atmosphere warm. In the afternoon, newspaper...

There's a very good reason that interest in health and wellness is at an all-time high. Men and women across the country have internalized the message that our attitudes and behaviors either detract from our support our health and well-being. Now that we know we can affect both the length and quality of our lives, we're hungry for information. Digital Availability Makes a Difference The availability of digital health products is helpful on so many levels. Easy access to the Internet means that health products are available with the click of a mouse 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. We no longer have to go to a bookstore - brick-and-mortar or online - to find the information we seek. We...

Online business and marketing is known to be tricky. To make things happen, you need to be creative and full of 'smart' ideas. But some stupid sounding ideas really became major success in online business. Check those out!! Million Dollar Homepage 1 million pixels and charging just one dollar for each pixel?! That does sound like the dumbest of the ideas for an online business enthusiast. But wow! Alex Tew, the 21-year-old who devised the idea, became a millionaire!! PickyDomains How about hiring another guy to mastermind a cool, one of a kind domain name that rocks your business? It's hard to believe that people would actually pay for something like this. But in reality, figuring out names for...

Warming up before exercising is a must. You need to increase your body temperature and warm-up your muscles. Why? Well we all know what happens to a cold rubber band when you try to stretch it. Also, at a relaxed state, most of your blood is within your internal organs, not your muscles. Warming up through physical activity will increase your heart rate, body temperature, and flow of blood to your muscles. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends that warm-ups should take about five to ten minutes. In my experience, the older (or colder) you are, the longer you need to thoroughly warm up. It's pretty much based on your intensity level. My warm-ups consist of mainly riding the...